The pathological manifestations and risks of the protectors of air conditioners in buildings
Abstract
Faced with the large number of partial or total collapses in buildings, the objective of this study is the identification of the pathological manifestations and the risks of the supports for air conditioners of reinforced concrete in the buildings. The data were collected by 3D software and consolidated in the field. Of the 61 buildings analyzed, 48% are of the window model which, in a situation of degradation and fall, can reach the ground with an impact of the order of tons. In coastal regions, we add the accelerating effects of the corrosion of the reinforcement, such as high humidity, pollution by automotive vehicles and marine region. It was concluded that these supports do not have adequate structural designs, allied to the low quality and accelerating effects of the reinforcement corrosion, rendering them not recoverable.
Downloads
References
Almeida, F. C. R., Sales A. (2018), Ação do meio ambiente sobre as estruturas de concreto. In: Ribeiro D. V. et. al. “Corrosão e degradação em estruturas de concreto: teoria, controle e técnicas de análise e intervençãoâ€. 2. ed. Elsevier, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (2007), NBR 7480: Aço destinado a armaduras para estruturas de concreto armado - Especificação. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (2014), NBR 6118: Projeto de estruturas de concreto – Procedimento. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Balestra, C. E. T., et.al. (2019), “Contribution for durability studies based on chloride profiles analysis of real marine structures in different marine aggressive zonesâ€. Construction and Building Materials 206:140–150. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.067
Bertolini, L. (2010), “Materiais de construção: patologia, reabilitação e prevençãoâ€. Oficina de Textos, São Paulo, Brasil.
Fernández Cánovas, M. (1984), “PatologÃa y terapéutica del hormigón armadoâ€. Editorial Dossat, Madrid, España.
Choi, Y. S., et.al. (2014), “Effect of corrosion method of the reinforcing bar on bond characteristics in reinforced concrete specimensâ€. Construction and Building Materials 54:180–189. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.065
Meira, G. R., et.al. (2014), “Analysis of chloride threshold from laboratory and field experiments in marine atmosphere zoneâ€. Construction and Building Materials 55:289–298. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.052
Meira, G. R., et.al. (2017), “Vertical distribution of marine aerosol salinity in a Brazilian coastal area – The influence of wind speed and the impact on chloride accumulation into concreteâ€. Construction and Building Materials 135:287–296. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.181
Moreno, J. D., et.al. (2015), “Determining corrosion levels in the reinforcement rebars of buildings in coastal areas. A case study in the Mediterranean coastlineâ€. Building Engineering 15:109–121. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.059
Moreno, J. D., et.al. (2018), “Exposure of RC building structures to the marine environment of the Valencia coastâ€. Construction and Building Materials 100:11–21. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.11.016
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (2018). “Cidades e Estados: Recife (PE)â€. BrasÃlia, Brasil. DisponÃvel em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/pe/recife.html. Acesso em: 13/06/2019.
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (2016). “Cidades e Estados: Recife (PE)â€. BrasÃlia, Brasil. DisponÃvel em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/pe/recife.html. Acesso em: 13/06/2019.
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (2010). “Cidades e Estados: Recife (PE)â€. BrasÃlia, Brasil. DisponÃvel em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/pe/recife.html. Acesso em: 13/06/2019.
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (2010). “Censo Demográfico 2010, Grade EstatÃstica 2010â€. BrasÃlia, Brasil. DisponÃvel em: http://mapasinterativos.ibge.gov.br/grade/default.html. Acesso em: 20/03/2019.
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (2002). “Mapa de clima do Brasil 1:5 000 000â€. BrasÃlia, Brasil. DisponÃvel em: http://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/informacoes_ambientais/climatologia/mapas/brasil/Map_BR_clima_2002.pdf. Acesso em: 13/06/2019.
INMET - Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (2018). “Normais Climatológicas do Brasil (1981-2010) – Direção Predominante do Vento (Pontos cardeais e colaterais)â€. BrasÃlia. DisponÃvel em: http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas. Acesso em: 18/06/2019.
INMET - Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (2018). “Normais Climatológicas do Brasil (1981-2010) – Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensadaâ€. BrasÃlia. DisponÃvel em: http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas. Acesso em: 13/02/2019.
INMET - Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (2018). “BDMEP - Banco de Dados Meteorológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa - Série Histórica - Dados Mensais – Velocidade do Vento Média (mps)â€. BrasÃlia. DisponÃvel em: http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=bdmep/bdmep. Acesso em: 24/06/2019.
Johnson, S. M. (1965), “Deterioration, maintenance, and repair of structuresâ€. MCGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
Luna, A. M., et.al. (2008), “Mapeamento da Corrosividade Atmosférica do Estado do Cearáâ€. INTERCORR 2008. Recife, Brasil.
Cascudo, O., Helene P. R. L. (2001), “Resistência à corrosão no concreto dos tipos de armaduras brasileiras para concreto armadoâ€. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP, Departamento
de Engenharia de Construção Civil, EPUSP, São Paulo, Brasil.
Pontes, R. B. (2006), “Disseminação de Ãons cloreto na orla marÃtima do Bairro de Boa Viagem, Recife/PEâ€, Dissertação Mestrado - Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
Santos, L. H. M., et.al. (2014), “Analysis of atmospheric aerosol (PM2.5) in Recife city, Brazilâ€. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 64:5, 519-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.854282
Flores Larsena, S., Rengifob, L., FilippÃn, C. (2015), “Double skin glazed fac¸ ades in sunny Mediterranean climatesâ€. Energy and Buildings 102:18–31. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.019
Silveira, F. L. (2011), “Qual o peso equivalente que uma pedra de massa igual a 1 kg chega ao solo, jogada do 6 andar de um edificio?â€. Centro de Referência para o Ensino de FÃsica - CREF, UFRGS. 01 jun. 2011. DisponÃvel em: https://www.if.ufrgs.br/novocref/?contact-pergunta=qual-o-peso-equivalente-que-uma-pedra-de-massa-igual-a-1-kg-chega-ao-solo-jogada-do-6-andar-de-um-edificio. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2019.
Souza, V. C., Ripper, T. (1998), “Patologia, recuperação e reforço de estruturas de concretoâ€. Pini, São Paulo, Brasil.
Perinia, K., Bazzocchib, F., Crocib, L., Maglioccoa, A., Cattaneo, E. (2017), “The use of vertical greening systems to reduce the energy demand for air conditioning. Field monitoring in Mediterranean climateâ€. Energy and Buildings 143:35–42. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.036
Desai, V., Potter, R. (2014), “The Companion to Development Studiesâ€. Routledge. Paignton. United Kingdom.
Ventura, L. M. B., et.al. (2017), “Chemical composition of fine particles (PM2.5): water-soluble organic fraction and trace metalsâ€. Air Qual Atmos Health. Springer Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0474-z
_______________________________
License in effect from September 2020
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
.png)
